【2026年版】AWS をやめてローカル Docker へ！Laravel 11 + MySQL 8.4 の開発環境を構築する完全ガイド

echo $env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE

docker --version

docker compose version

Docker version 29.1.3, build f52814d

Docker Compose version v2.40.3-desktop.1

admin-v2/
├── docker/
│   ├── php/
│   │   └── Dockerfile
│   ├── nginx/
│   │   └── default.conf
│   └── mysql/
│       └── init/
├── src/                    ← Laravel プロジェクト
├── docker-compose.yml
├── .gitignore
└── README.md

services:
  # PHP-FPM + Laravel
  app:
    build:
      context: ./docker/php
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: admin-v2-app
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - ./src:/var/www/html
    working_dir: /var/www/html
    depends_on:
      - db
    networks:
      - admin-network

  # Nginx
  web:
    image: nginx:alpine
    container_name: admin-v2-web
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    volumes:
      - ./src:/var/www/html
      - ./docker/nginx/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
    depends_on:
      - app
    networks:
      - admin-network

  # MySQL 8.4 (LTS)
  db:
    image: mysql:8.4
    container_name: admin-v2-db
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
      MYSQL_DATABASE: admin_v2
      MYSQL_USER: laravel
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: secret
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./docker/mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
    networks:
      - admin-network

  # phpMyAdmin
  phpmyadmin:
    image: phpmyadmin:latest
    container_name: admin-v2-pma
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "8081:80"
    environment:
      PMA_HOST: db
      PMA_USER: root
      PMA_PASSWORD: root
    depends_on:
      - db
    networks:
      - admin-network

networks:
  admin-network:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
  db_data:

FROM php:8.3-fpm-alpine

# 必要なパッケージをインストール
RUN apk add --no-cache \
    git \
    curl \
    zip \
    unzip \
    libpng-dev \
    libjpeg-turbo-dev \
    freetype-dev \
    oniguruma-dev \
    libxml2-dev \
    icu-dev \
    && docker-php-ext-configure gd --with-freetype --with-jpeg \
    && docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) \
        pdo \
        pdo_mysql \
        mbstring \
        exif \
        pcntl \
        bcmath \
        gd \
        intl \
        opcache

# Composer インストール
COPY --from=composer:latest /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer

# OPcache 設定
RUN echo "opcache.enable=1" >> /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/opcache.ini \
    && echo "opcache.memory_consumption=128" >> /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/opcache.ini \
    && echo "opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8" >> /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/opcache.ini \
    && echo "opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000" >> /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/opcache.ini \
    && echo "opcache.validate_timestamps=1" >> /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/opcache.ini \
    && echo "opcache.revalidate_freq=2" >> /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/opcache.ini

# PHP 設定
RUN echo "upload_max_filesize=64M" >> /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/uploads.ini \
    && echo "post_max_size=64M" >> /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/uploads.ini \
    && echo "memory_limit=256M" >> /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/memory.ini

WORKDIR /var/www/html

RUN addgroup -g 1000 laravel && adduser -u 1000 -G laravel -s /bin/sh -D laravel
USER laravel

EXPOSE 9000
CMD ["php-fpm"]

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    root /var/www/html/public;
    index index.php index.html;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    client_max_body_size 64M;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass app:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    }

    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot)$ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
        access_log off;
    }

    location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
        deny all;
    }
}

# Laravel
/src/vendor/
/src/node_modules/
/src/.env
/src/storage/*.key
/src/storage/logs/*
!/src/storage/logs/.gitkeep

# IDE
.idea/
.vscode/
*.swp
*.swo

# OS
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db

# Docker
docker/mysql/data/

# Logs
*.log

cd C:\work\workspace\admin-v2

docker compose up -d --build

docker compose ps

NAME           IMAGE               STATUS          PORTS
admin-v2-app   admin-v2-app        Up              9000/tcp
admin-v2-db    mysql:8.4           Up              0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
admin-v2-pma   phpmyadmin:latest   Up              0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp
admin-v2-web   nginx:alpine        Up              0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp

docker compose exec app composer create-project laravel/laravel .

docker compose exec app sh -c "sed -i 's/DB_CONNECTION=sqlite/DB_CONNECTION=mysql/' .env && sed -i 's/# DB_HOST=127.0.0.1/DB_HOST=db/' .env && sed -i 's/# DB_PORT=3306/DB_PORT=3306/' .env && sed -i 's/# DB_DATABASE=laravel/DB_DATABASE=admin_v2/' .env && sed -i 's/# DB_USERNAME=root/DB_USERNAME=laravel/' .env && sed -i 's/# DB_PASSWORD=/DB_PASSWORD=secret/' .env"

docker compose exec app php artisan config:clear

docker compose exec app php artisan migrate

# コンテナ起動
docker compose up -d

# コンテナ停止
docker compose down

# ログ確認
docker compose logs -f

# app コンテナに入る
docker compose exec app sh

# Artisan コマンド
docker compose exec app php artisan migrate
docker compose exec app php artisan make:controller XxxController
docker compose exec app php artisan make:model Xxx -m

# Composer
docker compose exec app composer install
docker compose exec app composer require パッケージ名

# キャッシュクリア
docker compose exec app php artisan cache:clear
docker compose exec app php artisan config:clear
docker compose exec app php artisan view:clear

# データベースバックアップ
docker compose exec db mysqldump -u root -proot admin_v2 > backup.sql